Blood Group :
1. ABO System
2. Rh-System
(1.) ABO System :-
• Landsteiner confirmed the presence of two types of proteins in the human blood - (a) antigen / agglutinogen (b) antibody / agglutinin
• Determine by the type of H-antigen upon RBC plasma membrane surface.
(i) H-antigen + Galactosamine =Antigen A = 'A' blood group
(ii) H-antigen + Galactose = Antigen-B = 'B' blood group
(iii) H-antigen + Galactosamine + Galactose = Antigen-AB = 'AB' blood group
(iv) (a) H-antigen + no sugar = Nil = 'O' blood group
(b) No antigen + no sugar = Nil = 'O' blood group (This blood group is known as Bombay's Blood group discovered by Dr. Bhende)
Note :-
Universal Recipient = AB+ (A,B,Rh+)
Universal Donor = O-
(2.) Rh-System :-
1st discovered in Rhesus monkey.
Determine d by D-antigen of RBC.
Rh-factor Coded by "R" Gene.
RR =Rh+
Rr = Rh+
rr = Rh-
80% human population have Rh+
Rh- is rare
During birth , foetal blood comes in contact with mothers blood. Thus , Mother forms Rh-antibody.
Erythroblastosis fetalis is prevented by injecting Anti-Rh-antibody to the mother after birth of 1st child.