AMINOGLYCOSIDES - Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin
• Aminoglycosides are compounds which contain amino sugar in a glycosidic linkage.
• These are broad spectrum antibiotics ; in general they have greater activity against Gram negative then Gram positive bacteria.
• The development of streptomycin , the first antibiotic of this group , was a a well-planned work of Waksman (1944) and his associates, who isolate it from a strain of Streptomyces griseus.
• The aminoglycoside antibiotics include streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, neomycin, framycetim, amikacin and paromomycin.
• All of them have three common toxicity i.e. ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular toxicity.
STREPTOMYCIN
• It is obtained from Streptomyces griseus.
• Streptomycin is bacteriostatic in low conc. and bactericidal in high conc.
• On intramuscular injection, Streptomycin is well absorbed.
• It diffuses into all body fluids except CSF.
• It is metabolized in the liver.
• It is eliminated through kidney by Glomerular filtration.
KANAMYCIN
• Kanamycin is obtained from Streptomyces kanamyceticus.
• It is effective against several Gram negative organisms including E. coli, M. tuberculosis, salmonella and Shigella.
• It has a bactericidal effect.
• It is ineffective on oral administration.
• It is administrated by intramuscular injection.
• It is eliminated through kidneys by glomerular filtration.
ADR
• 8th nerve damage
• Renal damage
Uses
• Used in urinary tract infection.
• Used in respiratory tract infection.
• Used in tuberculosis.
