HAEMOGLOBIN
• Haemoglobin iron containing respiratory pigment of cytoplasm of RBC.
• Haemoglobin is a conjugated protein and is formed of 4 haeme groups and a protein called globin.
• Each haeme group contains an iron containing porphyrin ring formed of four pyrrole rings.
• Globin is formed of 4 polypeptide chains -- 2 alpha and 2 beat chains.
• One RBC has about 280 million haemoglobin molecules.
• Amount of Hb(Haemoglobin) per 100 ml of blood is called Hb count and is measured by an instrument called haemometer.
• The haemoglobin content of adult female amounts 12-14 gram whereas in adult male it amounts from 14-16 gram.
• One molecule of Hb can carry up to 4 molecules of oxygen(O2).
• Carbondioxide(CO2) bind with globin part and form carbaminohaemoglobin (reversible reaction).
• Oxygen bind to ferrous ions of haeme to form oxyhaemoglobin (reversible reaction).
• Carbon monoxide also bind to haeme to form carboxyhaemoglobin (irreversible reaction).
ANAEMIA
• When RBC count decrease then it is called anaemia.
• The haemopoiesis is controlled by iron and protein while the maturation of RBC(Red Blood cells) is controlled by folic acid and vitamin b12 therefore deficiency of these substance in the blood causes anaemia.
Types of anaemia :
(1) Hypochromic anaemia = due to iron deficiency
(2) Macrocytic anaemia = Due to folic acid deficiency.
(3) Pernicious anaemia = Due to vitamin B12 deficiency.